Electric Bike Laws by State

ALABAMA'S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions
In Alabama, electric bicycles are regulated in the same manner as traditional bicycles, meaning that the same road rules apply to both. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Reference: Alabama Code § 32-1-1.1, 32-5A-267, 32-12-20, and 32-12A-1

Classification of Electric Bicycles
Alabama designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that stops assisting once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor, which stops providing assistance at 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that stops assisting once the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Age Restrictions and Safety Requirements

Persons under 16 years of age are not permitted to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.
All riders and operators of a Class 3 electric bicycle must wear a helmet. Additionally, anyone under the age of 16 riding an electric or traditional bicycle must also wear a helmet.

Usage on Roads and Bike Paths
Electric bicycles are allowed on roadways and designated bicycle or multi-use paths. However, local governments have the authority to impose restrictions on their use on these paths. It is advised to consult with local authorities—whether town, city, or county—for any specific rules or regulations.

Guidelines for eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Use on Trails

On federal lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and are allowed on motorized trails.
On state, county, and local trails, especially those designated for non-motorized use, the rules for eMTBs can vary significantly.
Riders should avoid using eMTBs in areas where local rules are unclear and should always ride legally on authorized trails. When in doubt, contact local land management agencies for updated access information.

This comprehensive overview provides the necessary details for understanding Alabama’s electric bicycle laws, ensuring safe and legal riding for all users.

ALASKA'S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions
In Alaska, an electric bicycle is defined as a “motor-driven cycle.” Due to this classification, electric bicycles are not subject to the same rules of the road as traditional bicycles.

Operator’s License: Electric bicycle riders must carry an operator’s license.
Registration & Insurance: Electric bicycles are not subject to registration or insurance requirements.
Helmet Use: Helmets are not required by law.
Age Requirement: There is a minimum age of 14 years for electric bicycle use.
Sidewalks and Bike Paths: Electric bicycles are not permitted on sidewalks or bike paths.

Reference: Alaska State § 28.90.990.

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines
Electric mountain bike (eMTB) access can vary considerably on federal, state, county, and local trails:

Trail Access: Generally, any natural surface trail designated for both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities may prohibit eMTB access.
Riding Responsibly: Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride only on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
Local Consultation: When in doubt, consult your local land manager about specific trail access, as local rules can change frequently.

Electric Bicycle Law for Trails

Local: Always consult your local land management agency for the most current trail regulations.
State: In Alaska State Parks, all bicycles are considered vehicles under park regulations. Some parks may have specific rules outlining where and when bicycles—and by extension eMTBs—are allowed on trails. Contact the agency or local park rangers for details.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are classified as motorized vehicles and are permitted on motorized trails. The National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management collectively manage about 60% of Alaska’s land. For more information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Alaska Regional Office.

Electric bicycles allow riders to travel more frequently, farther, and for longer trips, while maintaining a safety profile similar to that of traditional bicycles. They provide an accessible alternative for individuals who might be discouraged from riding conventional bicycles due to limited physical fitness, age, or disability. Although laws vary by state, the goal is to regulate low-speed electric bicycles in a manner similar to human-powered bicycles.

ARIZONA'S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions
In Arizona, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles, meaning that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles

Arizona designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that stops assisting when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor, which ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that stops assisting when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Local Regulations and Usage
Local governments in Arizona have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles powered by a motor on bike paths. Riders should check with their town, city, or county for any specific local rules and regulations. Electric bicycles are allowed on sidewalks and bike paths.

Helmet and Age Requirements
Helmets are not required, and there is no age minimum for electric bicycle use in Arizona.

Reference: Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-10124, 28-10140, 28-819, 28-256C2

ARIZONA'S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB Guidelines
Electric mountain bike (eMTB) access on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly:

Trail Access: Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding: Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
Local Consultation: When in doubt, consult your local land management agency for specific trail access, as local rules can change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Always check with your local land management agency for the latest trail rules.
State: Arizona State Parks only allows electric bicycles on state park roadways and designated motorized trails. Contact the department for the most current information.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For additional details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Regional Office or the BLM Arizona State Office.

ARKANSAS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions
In Arkansas, electric bicycles are regulated in the same manner as traditional bicycles; the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles
Arkansas designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to assist when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor, which ceases to assist at 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that stops assisting when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Helmet and Age Requirements

Riders under the age of 21 operating a Class 3 electric bicycle must wear a helmet.
Persons under 16 years of age are not permitted to ride a Class 3 electric bicycle.
Additional access restrictions may apply for Class 3 riders.

Local Regulations and Usage
Local governments in Arkansas have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles powered by a motor on bike paths. It is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for any specific local rules and regulations.

Reference: Ark. Code §§ 27-20-101, 27-20-106

ARKANSAS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB Guidelines
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly:

Trail Access: Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed solely for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding: Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
Local Consultation: When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules can change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Always check with your local land management agency for the latest trail regulations.
State: Arkansas State Parks allow Class 1 electric bicycles wherever traditional bikes are permitted. Contact the relevant departments for the most current information.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For more information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

CALIFORNIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions
In California, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles, meaning that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles
California designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor, which ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and stops assisting when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Helmet and Age Requirements

Helmets are required for riders of Class 3 electric bicycles.
Persons under 16 years of age may not ride a Class 3 electric bicycle, except as a passenger.
Additional access restrictions may apply for Class 3 riders.

Local Regulations and Usage
Local governments in California have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles powered by a motor on bike paths. When in doubt, it is advised to check with your town, city, or county for any specific local rules and regulations.

Reference: Cal. Veh. Code. § 312.5; § 21200 – 21212; § 21207.5; § 24016

CALIFORNIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

Electric mountain bike (eMTB) access on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly:

Trail Access: Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding: Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride only on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
Local Consultation: When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access since local rules can change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Always consult your local land management agency for the most current trail regulations.
State: California State Parks currently allow Class 1 and Class 3 electric bicycles on a park-by-park basis. Check the California State Parks website or contact your local state park for its electric bicycle policy before riding.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For more information, contact the US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Regional Office or the BLM California State Office.

COLORADO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions
In Colorado, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles
Colorado designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to assist once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, stopping assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Helmet and Age Requirements

Riders under the age of 21 on Class 3 electric bicycles are required to wear helmets.
Persons under 16 years of age are not permitted to ride a Class 3 electric bicycle.
Additional access restrictions may apply for Class 3 riders.

Local Regulations and Usage
Local governments in Colorado have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles powered by a motor on bike paths. It is recommended to check with your town, city, or county for any specific local rules and regulations.

Reference: Colo. Rev. Stat. § 42-1-102 (28.5); § 42-4-1412; § 42-4-111

COLORADO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB Guidelines
Electric mountain bike (eMTB) access on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly:

Trail Access: Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding: Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
Local Consultation: When in doubt, consult your local land management agency for specific trail access, as local rules can change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Always check with your local land management agency for the latest trail regulations.
State: In Colorado State Parks, Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles are allowed wherever bicycles are permitted. For additional details, contact Colorado State Parks.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further information, contact the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Regional Office or the BLM Colorado State Office.

CONNECTICUT’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Connecticut, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements imposed on motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Connecticut designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor, which stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, stopping assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Helmet and Age Requirements:

Helmets are required for riders of all classes of electric bicycles.
Persons under 16 years of age may not ride a Class 3 electric bicycle unless they are a passenger.
Additionally, Class 3 electric bicycles are not allowed on bicycle trails, multi-use trails, or paths.

Local Regulations:
Local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles powered by a motor on bike paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for specific local rules and regulations.

Reference: Public Act 18 – 165 (HB 5313, 2018 session)

CONNECTICUT’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed solely for non-motorized activities.

Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where the local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, ask your local land manager about specific trail access as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations:

Local: Always consult your local land management agency for the latest trail guidelines.
State: The Connecticut State Parks Division does not currently have a specific eMTB policy. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. However, Connecticut contains minimal federal lands, and there are few, if any, areas where mountain biking is permitted.

DELAWARE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Delaware, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles, meaning that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Delaware designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Bike Lanes and Paths:
Unless otherwise prohibited by a governmental entity having jurisdiction, a person may operate an electric bicycle on any bicycle lane, path, or multi-use path in Delaware. It is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for any local rules and regulations before riding.

Helmet and Age Requirements:

Persons under 16 years of age may not ride a Class 3 electric bicycle, unless as a passenger.
All operators of a Class 3 electric bicycle must wear a helmet.

Reference: Del. Code tit. 21 § 1-101(1), 1-101(2)

DELAWARE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally and only on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager regarding specific trail access.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail regulations.
State: Delaware State Parks does not allow electric bicycles on trails. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. However, Delaware has minimal federal lands and few, if any, areas where mountain biking is permitted.

FLORIDA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Florida, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles; the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Florida designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, stopping assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Bike Paths and Multi-Use Paths:
Electric bicycles of Classes 1, 2, and 3 may be ridden wherever traditional bicycles are allowed, including on bicycle paths and multi-use paths.

Helmet Requirements:
All operators and passengers under 16 years of age are required to wear a helmet.

Local Authority:
A city, town, or state agency with jurisdiction may restrict where electric bicycles are allowed. It is advisable to check for local rules and regulations before riding.

Reference: Fla. Stat. §261.03, 316.008, 316.027, 316.2065, 316.20655

FLORIDA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.
Trail-Specific Regulations:
- Local: Always consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
- State: The Florida Department of Environmental Protection permits Class 1 electric bicycles wherever traditional bicycles are allowed. Note that some State Parks may restrict electric bicycle access on mountain bike trails based on local discretion. For the most up-to-date policy, contact your local State Park.
- Federal: On federal lands, the majority of public lands managed for recreation in Florida fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

GEORGIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Georgia, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles, meaning that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Georgia designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, stopping assistance once the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions:
Class 3 electric bicycles are not allowed on a bicycle path or shared-use path unless the path is within or adjacent to a highway or roadway, or unless local authorities or state agencies with jurisdiction specifically allow it. Local or state agencies can further restrict where electric bicycles may be ridden. When in doubt, check locally for applicable rules and regulations.

Age and Helmet Requirements:

You must be 15 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle; however, a person under 15 may ride one as a passenger.
Helmets must be worn by any person operating or riding as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle.

Reference: Ga. Code § 40-1-1, 40-6-294, 40-6-300, 40-6-301, 40-6-302, 40-6-303, 40-6-351, 40-6-352.

GEORGIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail that is designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the latest trail guidelines.
State: The Georgia Department of Natural Resources does not currently have an eMTB policy. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Georgia fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

GEORGIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Georgia designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, stopping assistance once the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Age and Helmet Requirements:

You must be 15 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle; however, a person under 15 may ride one as a passenger.
Helmets must be worn by any person operating or riding as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle.

Reference: Ga. Code § 40-1-1, 40-6-294, 40-6-300, 40-6-301, 40-6-302, 40-6-303, 40-6-351, 40-6-352.

GEORGIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail that is designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the latest trail guidelines.
State: The Georgia Department of Natural Resources does not currently have an eMTB policy. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Georgia fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

IDAHO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Idaho, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles, meaning that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Idaho designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Bike Paths:
Electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths. However, local governments have the authority to restrict their use on these paths. It is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for any local rules or regulations.

Mountain Bike Trails:
The use of electric bicycles on singletrack mountain bike trails is determined by the agency or local authority with jurisdiction over the land. Always check with your local land manager for access information.

Reference: Idaho Laws 40-616, 49-106, 49-114, 49-123, 49-310, 49-720, 49-725, 49-726, 49-727, 49-728, 49-729.

IDAHO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager about specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the latest trail guidelines.
State: Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles are allowed in Idaho State Parks and on department-administered trails and paths—except for the Lewiston Levee Parkway, a portion of which runs through Hells Gate State Park.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For more information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Intermountain Regional Office (for southern Idaho), the U.S. Forest Service Northern Regional Office (for northern Idaho), or the BLM Idaho State Office.

ILLINOIS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Illinois, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles, meaning that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Illinois designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor, which stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

Persons under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle.

Electric bicycles may not be ridden on sidewalks.

They are allowed on bike paths; however, local governments have the authority to restrict their use on bike paths. It is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for any specific local rules and regulations.

Reference: 625 ILCS 5/1-140.10; 625 ILCS 5/11-208; 625 ILCS 5/11-1517.

ILLINOIS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Illinois Department of Natural Resources Parks and Recreation considers electric bicycles to be motorized bicycles and does not allow them on trails. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Illinois are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

INDIANA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Indiana, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Indiana designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to assist once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to assist once the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

Class 3 electric bicycles are not allowed on trails, bicycle paths, or multipurpose paths unless these are within or adjacent to a highway or roadway, or unless specifically allowed by the local authority or state agency with jurisdiction.
Local or state agencies may restrict where electric bicycles can be ridden, so it is advisable to check locally for applicable rules and regulations.
You must be 15 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle; however, a person under 15 may ride as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle.
Helmets must be worn by any person who operates or rides as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle if they are under 18 years of age.

Reference: Ind. Code § 9-13-2, 9-21-11-13.1, 14-8-2-185.

INDIANA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules can change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Indiana Department of Natural Resources does not allow eMTBs on trails. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Indiana are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

IOWA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Iowa, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements imposed on motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Iowa designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

Persons under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.
When riding a Class 3 electric bicycle on a bicycle or multi-use path, riders must not exceed the posted speed limit; if no speed limit is posted, they should maintain a maximum speed of 20 mph.
Electric bicycles are allowed on bicycle or multi-use paths; however, local governments may restrict their use on these paths. It is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for any local rules and regulations.

Reference: Iowa Code § 321.1.

IOWA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Iowa Department of Natural Resources does not currently have an eMTB policy. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: There is little federal land managed for recreation in Iowa. For reference, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails managed by the U.S. Forest Service. On lands managed by the Department of the Interior, electric bicycles are considered a non-motorized use and are only permitted in areas designated as open to electric bicycles.

KANSAS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Kansas, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and they are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements imposed on motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Kansas designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

A person under 16 years of age cannot operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.
Electric bicycles are allowed on bicycle or multi-use paths. However, local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles on these paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Kan. Stat. §§ 8-1489, 8-1592B.

KANSAS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, ask your local land manager about access to specific trails, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the latest trail guidelines.
State: Kansas State Parks allows Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles wherever traditional bicycles are permitted. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Kansas are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For more information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

KENTUCKY’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Kentucky, an electric bicycle is defined as a “bicycle” as long as it has operable pedals and can be operated under combined human and motor power. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements imposed on motor vehicles.
Helmet and Age Requirements:
Helmets are not required, and there is no age minimum for electric bicycle use in Kentucky.
Usage on Sidewalks and Bike Paths:
Electric bicycles are allowed on sidewalks and bike paths.

Reference: Ky Admin. Reg. 601 § 14:020(1)(a).

KENTUCKY’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the latest trail guidelines.
State: The Kentucky Department of Local Government State Parks does not currently have an eMTB policy. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office, the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Mammoth Cave National Park, or the Tennessee Valley Authority.

LOUISIANA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Louisiana, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles—the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Louisiana designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Age Requirements:

Classes 1, 2, and 3 electric bicycles may be ridden wherever traditional bicycles are allowed, including bicycle lanes and multi-use paths; however, this rule does not apply to non-motorized, natural surface trails.
You must be 12 years or older to ride a Class 3 electric bicycle, unless the electric bicycle is designed to accommodate passengers.
All operators and passengers on a Class 3 electric bicycle are required to wear a helmet.

Local Authority:

A city, town, or state agency with jurisdiction can restrict where electric bicycles are allowed. When in doubt, check with local authorities for current rules and regulations.

Reference: La. Rev. Stat. §32:1(95), 32:204.

LOUISIANA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Louisiana State Parks allows Class 1 electric bicycles wherever traditional bicycles are permitted. For more details, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Louisiana are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

MAINE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Maine, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles—the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Maine designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

A Class 3 electric bicycle may not be operated on a bike path unless it is within a highway or roadway, or unless local authorities permit Class 3 operation.
Helmets are required for riders or passengers under 16 years of age.
A person under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 2 or Class 3 electric bicycle unless the bicycle is designed to accommodate passengers.
Municipalities or other local governing bodies can restrict where electric bicycles are allowed. When in doubt, check for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §101-1(22-B), 29-A §2063 (14).

MAINE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, although some trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities may restrict them.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules can change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Maine Department of Conservation and Recreation does not have a law or policy specifically addressing electric bicycles. Generally, electric bicycles are defined as motorized vehicles. If an eMTB rider wants to ride on trails, the vehicle must be registered as an ATV. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: Although there is little federal land managed for recreation in Maine, the majority of public lands are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

MARYLAND’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Maryland, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Maryland designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

Class 3 electric bicycles are not allowed on a bicycle path unless the path is adjacent to a highway or right-of-way, or unless they are specifically permitted by the local authority or state agency with jurisdiction.
Electric bicycles are not permitted on sidewalks unless expressly allowed.
The local authority or state agency with jurisdiction can restrict where electric bicycles may be ridden; therefore, it is advisable to check locally for any rules and regulations.
You must be 16 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although a person under 16 may ride as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle.

Reference: Md. Code Trans. Law §§ 11-117.1, 11-104, 21-1205.1, 21-1205.2, 22-420.

MARYLAND’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- Electric bicycles are permitted in all Maryland State Park areas where motorized vehicles are allowed.
- Class 1 electric bicycles are permitted on the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail and the Western Maryland Rail Trail. On these rail trails, Class 1 electric bicycles are regulated the same as other bicycles and must adhere to all applicable bicycle rules and safety equipment requirements.
Federal:
Although there is little federal land managed for recreation in Maryland, for reference, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails on federal lands.

MASSACHUSETTS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

For the Road

General Provisions:
In Massachusetts, an electric bicycle is defined as a “motorized bicycle” as long as its maximum speed is 25 mph. As motorized bicycles, electric bicycles are not subject to the same rules of the road as regular bicycles.

Electric bicycle riders must carry an operator’s license and are subject to registration requirements.
Electric bicycles are not subject to insurance requirements.
Helmets are required, and there is a 16-year age minimum for electric bicycle use.
Electric bicycles are not allowed on sidewalks or bike paths.

Reference: Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90-1, ch. 90-1B through 90-1D.

MASSACHUSETTS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) defines electric bicycles within a three-class system. Class 1 electric bicycles are permitted on improved DCR trails that are 8 feet in width or greater, in areas where vehicular traffic is permitted and bicycles are not otherwise prohibited, and in bicycle lanes on DCR roadways.
Federal: There is little federal land managed for recreation in Massachusetts. However, for reference, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails on federal lands.

MICHIGAN’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Michigan, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and they are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Michigan designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage Restrictions and Requirements:

Bike Paths and Trails: Class 1 electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths and linear trails. However, Class 2 and Class 3 electric bicycles are not permitted on these paths unless authorized by the local agency. It is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.
Helmet Requirements: Helmets are required for riders of Class 3 electric bicycles if they are under 18 years of age.
Age Restrictions: Persons under 14 years of age may not ride a Class 3 electric bicycle unless they are riding as a passenger.
Special Permits: A permit is required to ride an electric bicycle within the Mackinac Island State Park.

Reference: Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 257.32b, 257.216, 257.312a, 257.801e, 750.419.

MICHIGAN’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) defines electric bicycles within a three-class system. Class 1 electric bicycles are permitted on improved DCR trails that are 8 feet in width or greater, in areas where vehicular traffic is permitted and bicycles are not otherwise prohibited, and in bicycle lanes on DCR roadways.
Federal: There is little federal land managed for recreation in Massachusetts. However, for reference, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails on federal lands.

MINNESOTA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Minnesota, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Minnesota designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Age Requirements:

All classes of electric bicycles may be ridden on bicycle paths or shared-use paths where traditional bicycles are permitted.
No person under 15 years of age shall operate an electric bicycle.
Local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles on bicycle paths, trails, or shared-use paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Minn. Stat. §§ 169.011(15), 169.222(6).

MINNESOTA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources allows Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles wherever traditional bicycles are permitted.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Minnesota are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

MISSISSIPPI’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Mississippi, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Mississippi designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Age Requirements:

Persons under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.
Electric bicycles are allowed on bicycle or multi-use paths; however, local governments have the authority to restrict their use on these paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Miss. Code §§ 63-3-1315, 17-17-403, 21-37-3, 27-19-3, 27-51-5, 63-3-103, 63-15-3, 63-17-55, 63-17-155, 63-19-3, 63-21-5, and 63-31-3.

MISSISSIPPI’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land manager regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks does not currently have an electric bicycle policy.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Mississippi are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

MISSOURI’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Missouri, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles—the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Missouri designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Age Requirements:

All classes of electric bicycles may be ridden on bicycle or multi-use paths where traditional bicycles are permitted.
No person under sixteen years of age shall operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.
Local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles on bicycle paths or multi-use paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Mo Rev. Stat. §§ 300.010, 301.010, 307.194.

MISSOURI’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Missouri State Parks allow Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles, particularly to support individuals who need accessibility assistance. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Missouri are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

MONTANA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Montana, an electric bicycle is defined as an “electrically assisted bicycle” provided that it has a maximum speed of 20 mph. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.
Helmet and Age Requirements:
Helmets are not required and there is no age minimum for electric bicycle use.
Usage on Sidewalks and Bike Paths:
Electric bicycles are allowed on sidewalks and bike paths.

Reference: Mont. Code § 61-8-102(2)(g).

MONTANA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks does not currently have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Northern Regional Office or the BLM Montana/Dakotas State Office.

NEBRASKA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Nebraska, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles and may have two, three, or four wheels. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and they are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles (as of 2023):
Nebraska has designated three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to assist once the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and ceases to assist when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Sidewalks and Bike Paths:

Electric bicycles are allowed on sidewalks and bike paths.

Age Requirements:

There is no age minimum for electric bicycle riders in Nebraska.

Reference: LB 138 (2023).

NEBRASKA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission does not currently have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: Although there is little federal land managed for recreation in Nebraska, the majority of public lands are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Regional Office.

NEVADA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Nevada, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles—the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Nevada designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage:

All classes of electric bicycles may be ridden in places where traditional bicycles are allowed, including streets, highways, roads, roadways, bicycle lanes, bicycle paths, and shared-use paths.
Local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles on a bicycle path or shared-use path. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Nev. Rev. Stat. §482.0287; 483.067; 484B.017; 484B; 484B.017.

NEVADA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Nevada State Parks does not currently have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal:
- On federal lands managed by the Forest Service, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails.
- On federal lands managed by the Department of the Interior (including the Bureau of Land Management and National Park Service), electric bicycles are considered non-motorized and are permitted in designated non-motorized areas.
  For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Intermountain Regional Office or the BLM Nevada State Office.

NEW HAMPSHIRE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In New Hampshire, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
New Hampshire designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Restrictions:

Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles may be ridden on bicycle or multi-use paths where traditional bicycles are permitted.
Class 3 electric bicycles are allowed only on the roadway, unless local authorities specifically allow otherwise.
You must be 16 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, unless the electric bicycle is designed to accommodate passengers.
Helmets are required for riders or passengers of Class 3 electric bicycles if they are under 18.
A city, town, or state agency with jurisdiction may restrict where electric bicycles are allowed; therefore, always check for local rules and regulations.

Reference: N.H. Rev. Stat. §§ 259:6, 259:27, 265:144-a.

NEW HAMPSHIRE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The New Hampshire Bureau of Trails informally allows Class 1 electric bicycles wherever traditional bikes are allowed. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in New Hampshire are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

NEW JERSEY’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

CLASS 1 & 2 ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR THE ROAD

Classification and Definitions:
New Jersey designates two classes of low-speed electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to assist when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.

Regulations:

Class 1 and 2 electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles.
They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.
Class 1 and 2 electric bicycles may ride on bicycle paths. However, local governments can restrict where these bicycles are allowed to operate, so it is advisable to check local rules and regulations.
Bicycles cannot be operated on sidewalks intended for pedestrian use, except when expressly allowed.

Reference: N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:1-1, P.L.1951; c.23, Title 39.

CLASS 3 ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR THE ROAD

Classification and Definitions:

Class 3 electric bicycles are defined as motorized bicycles in New Jersey.

Regulations:

As motorized bicycles, they are not subject to the same rules of the road as traditional bicycles.
There is a 15-year age minimum for operating a motorized bicycle.
Riders of Class 3 electric bicycles must carry an operator’s license and are subject to registration and insurance requirements.

Reference: N.J. Rev. Stat. § 39:4-14.3.

NEW JERSEY’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:

Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly.
Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.

Responsible Riding:

Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection does not have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: There is little federal land managed for recreation in New Jersey. However, for reference, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails on federal lands.

NEW MEXICO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In New Mexico, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles (as of 2023):
New Mexico has designated three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the electric bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the electric bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Age Requirements:

Class 1 electric bicycles may be ridden on a bicycle path or shared path where traditional bicycles are permitted.
Cities and towns may allow Class 2 and Class 3 electric bicycles to ride on these paths, subject to local rules and regulations.
The minimum operator age for a Class 3 electric bicycle is 16 years.

Reference: N.M. Stat. SB 69 (2023).

NEW MEXICO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs; however, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: New Mexico State Parks consider electric bicycles to be motorized and do not allow their use on non-motorized trails. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southwestern Regional Office or the BLM New Mexico State Office.

NEW YORK’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In New York, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
New York designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Defined solely within a city having a population of one million or more, this class applies to bicycles with electric assist that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle and that are not capable of providing assistance once the bicycle reaches 25 mph.

Note: The industry-defined Class 3 electric bicycles (which provide assistance up to 28 mph) are not defined or permitted to operate in New York. New York City follows the state’s rules regarding the use and definition of electric bicycles.

Usage and Restrictions for Class 1 & 2:

Regulated like human-powered bicycles, they are not subject to motor vehicle registration, licensing, or insurance requirements.
They have access on roads with speed limits of 30 mph or less, including bike lanes, and on some bike paths that are connected with or adjacent to roads.
They may carry passengers and must ride single file.
Cities and towns have extensive local authority, which includes the ability to prohibit electric bicycles or require helmets and reflective clothing.

Reference: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §§ 34-D, 102-c, 114-e, 125, 1238, 1242, 1243.

NEW YORK’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly.
- Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, though they may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation classifies electric bicycles as motorized vehicles and provides eMTB access on motorized trails; however, eMTBs are not allowed on these motorized trails.
Federal:
- Although New York has very little federally managed public land, on federal lands managed for recreation, eMTBs are considered motorized and have access to motorized trails.

NORTH CAROLINA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

Definition & General Provisions:
In North Carolina, e-bikes are defined as “electric assisted bicycles” provided that the motor is under 750 watts, the maximum speed is 20 mph, and the bicycle has operable pedals. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles.
Registration, Licensing & Insurance:
Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.
Helmet and Age Requirements:
Helmets are not required for adult riders; however, the minimum age for electric bicycle use is 16.
Sidewalk & Bike Path Use:
Electric bicycles are allowed on sidewalks when traditional bicycles are permitted.
While state law does not specifically address whether electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths, local authorities or agencies should be consulted for guidance.

Reference: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-4.01 (7a & 49).

NORTH CAROLINA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, though eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency for specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: According to the North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, Class 1, 2, and 3 electric bicycles are allowed wherever traditional bikes are permitted. For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in North Carolina are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For more details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

NORTH DAKOTA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In North Dakota, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles; the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
North Dakota designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and stops assisting when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Restrictions:

A person under 18 years of age cannot operate a Class 3 electric bicycle unless they are wearing a helmet.
Electric bicycles are allowed on bicycle or multi-use paths; however, local governments have the authority to restrict their use on these paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: N.D. Cent. Code §§ 39-01-01 (48) and 39-06-14.1.

NORTH DAKOTA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs; however, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: North Dakota Parks and Recreation does not have a posted electric bicycle policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information before riding.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in North Dakota are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Northern Regional Office.

OHIO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Ohio, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Ohio designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Safety Requirements:

Riders and passengers of Class 3 electric bicycles are required to wear helmets.
Electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths; however, local governments have the authority to restrict their use on these paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.
The use of electric bicycles on singletrack mountain bike trails is determined by the agency or local authority with jurisdiction over that land. Always check with your local land manager for access information.

Reference: Ohio Rev. Code §§ 4501.01(B); 4509.01(I); 4511.01(B), (H), (RRR); 4511.522.

OHIO’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Ohio Division of Parks & Recreation currently does not allow electric bicycles on division trails. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Ohio are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

OKLAHOMA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Oklahoma, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and they are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Oklahoma designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Restrictions:

Class 3 electric bicycles are not allowed on a bicycle or multi-use path unless the path is adjacent to a highway or roadway, or unless local authorities or state agencies specifically allow them.
The local authority or state agency with jurisdiction may restrict where electric bicycles can be ridden. When in doubt, check with your city or county for local rules and regulations.
You must be 16 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle; however, a person under 16 may ride as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle.

Reference: Oklahoma Stat. tit. 47 § 1-104; tit. 47 § 1-134; tit. 47 § 11-1103; tit. 47 § 11-1209; 47 § 12-701.

OKLAHOMA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, though they may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department does not currently have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Oklahoma are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

OREGON’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Oregon, electric bicycles are classified as “electric assisted bicycles” and are regulated like traditional bicycles, provided that:

The bicycle’s motor has a maximum power output of 1,000 watts.
The bicycle is equipped with operable pedals that allow human propulsion.
The bicycle does not exceed a maximum speed of 20 mph.

Registration, Licensing & Insurance:

Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Usage on Bike Paths and Sidewalks:

Electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths.
They are not allowed on sidewalks.

Age & Helmet Requirements:

The minimum age for electric bicycle riders is 16 years.
Helmets are not required for electric bicycle riders.

Reference: Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 801.258; 814.405; 814.410; 807.020.

OREGON’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:

Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly.
Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs.
However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.

Responsible Riding:

Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
Always ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department does not allow electric bicycles on mountain bike trails.
- However, Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles are allowed on trails that are eight feet or wider, including natural surface trails.
- For the most up-to-date information, contact the department directly.
Federal:
- On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails.
- For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Northern Regional Office or the BLM Montana/Dakotas State Office.

PENNSYLVANIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

Definition & General Provisions:
In Pennsylvania, electric bicycles are defined as “pedalcycles with electric assist” provided that:

The electric bicycle’s motor is under 750 watts,
It has a maximum speed of 20 mph on a level surface when powered solely by the motor,
It weighs no more than 100 lbs, and
It has operable pedals.
The same rules of the road apply to both electric bicycles and human-powered bicycles.

Registration, Licensing & Insurance:

Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Helmet and Age Requirements:

Helmets are not required for electric bicycle riders.
No person under 16 years of age may operate an electric bicycle.

Where They Can Ride:

Electric bicycles are allowed wherever bicycles or “pedalcycles” are permitted.
They are allowed on sidewalks, though restrictions may apply in certain areas—check local rules and regulations for guidance.

Reference: Senate Bill 997; 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §§ 102, 3508, 3514.

PENNSYLVANIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. In general:
- Any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs.
- However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- According to the Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks, electric bicycles are permitted only in areas where other motorized vehicles are permitted.
- Class 1 electric bicycles are allowed on trails open to mountain bikes on State Forest property.
- Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal:
- The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Pennsylvania are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service.
- On these lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails.
- For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

RHODE ISLAND’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

Definition & General Provisions:
In Rhode Island, electric bicycles are defined as “electric motorized bicycles.” These vehicles must have:

A power output no greater than 1,491 watts,
A maximum speed of 25 mph, and
Fully operable pedals.
Electric bicycles are not subject to the laws that apply to “motor vehicles” and are not required to be registered. They are, however, subject to the rules of the road that apply to vehicles.

Bike Paths:

State law does not specifically address whether electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths. It is recommended to consult your local authority or agency for guidance on this matter.

Reference: R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 31-1-3; 31-3-2.2; 31-5-1(b); 31-19-3.

RHODE ISLAND’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly.
- Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs.
- However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- The Rhode Island Division of Planning and Development currently does not allow electric bicycles on division trails.
- Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal:
- There is little federal land managed for recreation in Rhode Island. However, for reference, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails on federal lands.

SOUTH CAROLINA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In South Carolina, electric bicycles do not have a specific classification under current traffic laws; however, they are considered “vehicles” and are subject to the requirements that apply to vehicles.

- Electric bicycles equipped with motors under 750 watts are specifically exempt from the definition of “moped.” As a result, they are not subject to the licensing and registration requirements that apply to mopeds.
- They are still subject to the rules of the road that apply to vehicles.
- For details about local regulations—including whether electric bicycles are permitted on bicycle paths—consult your local authority or agency.

Reference: S.C. Code §§ 56-1-10(26), (28).

SOUTH CAROLINA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs.
- However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The South Carolina State Parks Department does not currently have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in South Carolina are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

SOUTH DAKOTA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In South Dakota, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles—the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
South Dakota designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Paths:

Unless otherwise prohibited by a governmental entity with jurisdiction, a person may operate a Class 1 or Class 2 electric bicycle on any bicycle or multi-use path in South Dakota. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Age Restrictions:

Persons under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.

Reference: S.D. Codified Laws §§ 32-20B, 32-3-1, 32-20-1, 32-35-1, 32-38-2, 26-21.1.

SOUTH DAKOTA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, although eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The South Dakota Division of Parks and Recreation does not have an electric bicycle policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in South Dakota are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service and the National Park Service. On these lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Regional Office or the state’s National Grasslands.

TENNESSEE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Tennessee, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Tennessee designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to assist when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to assist when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Safety Requirements:

Persons under 14 years of age may not ride a Class 3 electric bicycle.
Riders and passengers on Class 3 electric bicycles are required to wear helmets.
Electric bicycles are not allowed on sidewalks.
Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths; however, local governments have the authority to restrict their use on bike paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.
Class 3 electric bicycles have limited access on bicycle paths and are generally not permitted.

Reference: Tenn. Code §§ 55-8-101(40), 55-8-301, 55-8-302, 55-8-303, 55-8-304, 55-8-305, 55-8-306, 55-8-307 (links to be added).

TENNESSEE’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Tennessee State Parks does not currently allow electric bicycles on State Park trails. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office, the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, or the Tennessee Valley Authority.

TEXAS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Texas, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Texas designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Age Requirements:

You must be 15 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although a person under 15 may ride a Class 3 e-bike as a passenger if the e-bike is designed to carry more than one person.
The state department or local authority with jurisdiction can implement certain restrictions (for example, dedicated mountain bike trails).
Electric bicycles generally may not be restricted in places where traditional bicycles are allowed. However, when in doubt, check with your local authority for any specific local rules and regulations.

Reference: Tex. Trans. Code §§ 502.143; 541.201; 541.202; 551.001; 551.106.001.

TEXAS’ ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, though they may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is considering new regulations around electric bicycle access; however, it does not currently allow electric bicycles on non-motorized trails.
- Contact the department for the most up-to-date information and specific trail rules.
Federal:
- On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails.
- For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office or Big Bend National Park.

UTAH’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Utah, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Utah designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Paths:
Electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths but are not permitted on sidewalks.

Reference: Utah Code §§ 41-6a-102 (7-9, 16); 41-6a-1115.5; 41-6a-1505.

UTAH’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules frequently change.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Utah State Parks allows electric bikes on non-motorized trails open for bikes. Contact Utah State Parks for more information.
Federal: On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Intermountain Regional Office or the BLM Utah State Office/Bend National Park.

VERMONT’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Vermont, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Vermont designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage and Restrictions:

Persons under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle, although they may ride as a passenger.
Electric bicycles are allowed on bicycle or multi-use paths; however, local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles on these paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23 § 4 (45)(A); tit. 23 § 4 (46); tit. 23 § 1136.

VERMONT’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly.
- Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, ask your local land manager about access to specific trails, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: Vermont State Parks does not currently have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Vermont are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

VIRGINIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Virginia, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles—the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Virginia designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage & Safety Requirements:

Electric bicycles may be ridden on bicycle lanes and multi-use paths where traditional bicycles are permitted.
You must be 14 years or older to operate a Class 3 electric bicycle.
All operators and passengers on a Class 3 electric bicycle must wear a helmet.
A city, town, or state agency with jurisdiction can restrict where electric bicycles are allowed; therefore, check with your local authority for any specific rules and regulations.

Reference: VA. Code §§ 46.2-100; 46.2-904.1; 46.2-908.1; 46.2-906.1.

VIRGINIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear. Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use. When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation allows Class 1 and 2 electric bicycles wherever traditional bikes are permitted. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal: The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Virginia are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails. For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Southern Regional Office.

WASHINGTON’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Washington, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. This means that the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Washington designates three classes of electric bicycles:

Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a throttle-actuated motor that stops providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.

Usage on Paths:

Classes 1 and 2: These electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths and improved trails.
Class 3: These are not allowed on bike paths or trails unless the local agency authorizes their use.
Local regulations may further restrict electric bicycle use, so it is advisable to check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.
Persons under 16 years of age may not ride a Class 3 electric bicycle unless they are riding as a passenger.
The use of electric bicycles on singletrack mountain bike trails is determined by the agency or local authority with jurisdiction over that land; check with your local land manager for access information.

Reference: RCW 46.04.169, 46.04.071, 46.20.500, 46.61.710, and 46.37.

WASHINGTON’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly.
- Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs.
- However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Avoid riding your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency regarding specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- Washington State Parks allows Class 1 and Class 3 electric bicycles on single-track non-motorized natural surface trails that permit conventional bicycles and non-motorized long-distance trails.
- For the most up-to-date information and specific trail rules, contact the department directly.
Federal:
- On federal lands, eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails.
- For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Regional Office or the BLM Washington State Office.

WASHINGTON D.C.’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

Definition & General Provisions:
In Washington D.C., an e-bike is defined as a “motorized bicycle” provided that it has operable pedals, can be operated under combined human and motor power, and has a maximum speed of 20 mph. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles.

Usage on Public Thoroughfares:
E-bikes may be operated on any sidewalk, off-street path, or bicycle route in the District.

Registration, Licensing & Insurance:
Electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

Age Requirement:
You must be 16 years or older to operate an electric bicycle.

Reference: D.C. Code §§ 18:99-01; 50:1501.01-03.

WASHINGTON D.C.’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs, although some trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities may restrict them.
- As always, ride legally on authorized trails and consult your local land management agency if you are unsure about trail access.

D.C. Specific Trail Information:

Washington D.C. is surrounded by public recreation lands, including National Park Service (NPS) trails.
Secretarial Order #3376 directed the NPS to incorporate electric bicycle policies into each Superintendent’s Park Compendium.
Currently, Class 1 and Class 3 electric bicycles are permitted wherever bicycles are allowed at Rock Creek Park and on the National Mall near D.C.
Always check with your local park before riding, as policies may be updated.

WEST VIRGINIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In West Virginia, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.
Classification of Electric Bicycles:
West Virginia designates three classes of electric bicycles:
- Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
- Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle and that is not capable of providing assistance when the e-bike reaches 20 mph.
- Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.
Usage on Paths:
- Class 1 and Class 2 electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths, multi-use trails, and single-use trails where non-electric bicycles are allowed.
- Class 3 electric bicycles are generally not allowed on these paths unless expressly permitted by the jurisdiction.
Age & Helmet Requirements:
- Passengers on Class 3 electric bicycles under the age of 15 must be riding on a bicycle driven by someone who is 18 or older.
- All operators and passengers under 15 years of age must wear a helmet.
Local Regulations:
A city, town, or state agency with jurisdiction can restrict where electric bicycles are allowed. When in doubt, check local rules and regulations before riding.

Reference: W. Va. House Bill 2062 (2023).

WEST VIRGINIA’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs.
- However, eMTBs may not be allowed on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to show that mountain bikers are responsible trail users.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about access to specific trails, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State: West Virginia State Parks and Forest currently do not have an eMTB policy. Contact the department for the most up-to-date information.
Federal:
- The majority of public lands managed for recreation in West Virginia are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized vehicles and have access to motorized trails.
- For further details, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

WISCONSIN’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Wisconsin, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles. The same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles, and electric bicycles are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.
Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Wisconsin designates three classes of electric bicycles:
- Class 1: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
- Class 2: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
- Class 3: Electric bicycles equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.
Usage and Restrictions:
- Persons under 16 years of age may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle.
- Local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles powered by a motor on bike paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: Wis. Stat. §§ 340.01; 346.806 (links to be added).

WISCONSIN’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- The Wisconsin Bureau of Parks and Recreation states that electric bicycles are allowed on touring trails but not on mountain bike trails.
- Electric bicycles can go anywhere a bicycle is allowed if the motor is not turned on.
- Contact the bureau for the most up-to-date information.
Federal:
- The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Wisconsin are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized and have access to motorized trails.
- For more information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.

WYOMING’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW

General Provisions:
In Wyoming, electric bicycles are regulated like traditional bicycles; the same rules of the road apply to both electric and human-powered bicycles. They are not subject to the registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.
Classification of Electric Bicycles:
Wyoming designates three classes of electric bicycles:
- Class 1: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, ceasing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
- Class 2: A bicycle equipped with a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 mph.
- Class 3: A bicycle equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 28 mph.
Usage on Bike Paths:
All classes (Class 1, 2, and 3) electric bicycles are allowed on bike paths. However, local governments have the authority to restrict the use of electric bicycles on these paths. When in doubt, check with your town, city, or county for local rules and regulations.

Reference: W.S. §§ 31-5-707, 31-1-101, 31-5-102, 31-5-109, 31-5-119, 31-5-203, 31-5-702, 31-5-901.

WYOMING’S ELECTRIC BICYCLE LAW FOR TRAILS

eMTB (Electric Mountain Bike) Guidelines

Trail Access:
- Access for electric mountain bikes (eMTBs) on federal, state, county, and local trails varies significantly. Generally, any natural surface trail designated as open to both motorized and non-motorized uses is also open to eMTBs. However, eMTBs may be restricted on trails managed exclusively for non-motorized activities.
Responsible Riding:
- Do not ride your eMTB in areas where local rules are unclear.
- Ride legally on authorized trails to demonstrate responsible trail use.
- When in doubt, consult your local land management agency about specific trail access, as local rules change frequently.

Trail-Specific Regulations

Local: Consult your local land management agency for the most current trail guidelines.
State:
- The Wisconsin Bureau of Parks and Recreation states that electric bicycles are allowed on touring trails but not on mountain bike trails.
- Electric bicycles can go anywhere a bicycle is allowed if the motor is not turned on.
- Contact the bureau for the most up-to-date information.
Federal:
- The majority of public lands managed for recreation in Wisconsin are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Forest Service, where eMTBs are considered motorized and have access to motorized trails.
- For more information, contact the U.S. Forest Service Eastern Regional Office.